小结:
回到楼主的问题上来。海运是为国际贸易服务的,贸易有需求,就要海运方提供相应的解决办法。铁矿石贸易持续低迷,找不到买家,宣不出卸港或者改港时有发生。对此,给租家几个建议:
(1)尽量与原船东签订合同,他们不像二船东那要受到种种局限,变更合同相对容易谈一些。原船东可能也更注重与租家的长期合作,不完全像Operator公司一样以逐利为唯一目标,敲你不手软。
(2)在合同中订立完善的变更卸港的条款,宣布改港的时间要灵活。附上个铁矿石三巨头之一“力拓”的标准合同范本条款:租家不仅可以灵活变更卸港,而且规定了改港运费的计算方式,不予考虑下航次的任务安排效益。看来,“巨头”不仅是身强体壮,心思还很细呢。
当然,这样可以随意改卸港,船东会不大高兴,下航次安排会有麻烦。
(3)掌握航运知识和操作能力,不选择做VOY Charter,直接以TCT方式租船。这样就会有很大的灵活性,TCT订明Singapore/Japan Range还船,不要说日照改曹妃甸,改去日本、韩国卸货也没问题了。
附:
Rio Tinto标准航次租船合同范本中的卸货港条款
9 DISCHARGING PORT(S)
9.1 Upon completion of loading and final draft survey and if tide and weather permit the Vessel shall proceed at the nominated speed, via the direct and/or customary route to the nominated Discharging Port(s) as ordered by Charterer where the Vessel shall discharge always afloat as specified in the Fixture Note.
(a) Charterer shall have the option to change the Discharging Port(s), against paying freight which gives the Owner an equivalent time charter return to the base freight rate originally agreed.
(b) The alternative Discharging Port(s) freight calculation shall be conducted on an open book basis commencing from the Vessel’s previous Discharging Port and without consideration for repositioning (i.e. last to next basis).
(c) Charterer whilst having Contractual commitments to other Owners and Operators of other vessels in the Discharging Port(s) may be directed by the Port Authority to allocate berths and cargo at the port, and accordingly, Charterer shall not be bound to give to Owner any precedence over any other vessel. |